Spatial navigation is the cognitive process of determining and following routes to navigate through physical space. This research area focuses on understanding how individuals mentally represent spatial information, make decisions about spatial relationships, and use cues from their environment to navigate effectively. Spatial navigation can occur in familiar environments, such as a daily commute, or in unfamiliar environments, such as exploring a new city. Researchers in this field may study the neural mechanisms underlying spatial navigation, the role of landmarks and other cues in guiding navigation, and individual differences in navigational abilities. This research has applications in fields such as psychology, neuroscience, urban planning, and robotics.